Use of Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye and The...

Use Of Symbolism In The Catcher In The Rye and The Great Gatsby There are many writers like James Joyce, Patrick Kananach and Thomas Moore who use symbolism to convey and support indirect meaning in their writings. J.D. Salinger and F. Scott Fitzgerald both use symbolism in similar ways. In both The Catcher In The Rye and The Great Gatsby, the authors used symbolism to convey emotions and reality. In The Catcher In The Rye, J.D. Salinger uses Holdens red hunting cap, the exhibits at the Museum of Natural History and kings in the back row as symbols whose meanings help tell the story. Holdens red hunting hat stands for Holdens disapproval of adult society and phonies. Although, Holden and his hat are out of place in New†¦show more content†¦Fitzgerald also uses colors for symbolism. The color white is used many times in the story. The author uses white to describe Gatsbys clothes and his mansion. The color white represents Gatsbys innocence and pure heart. The color yellow is also used throughout the story as a symbol of corruption and death. The car that Gatsby drives was yellow and his yellow car killed Myrtle. The flower that Daisy is named after is white on the outside and yellow in the middle. Daisy seems innocent on the outside, but her real character is as corrupt and greedy as Toms. Throughout The Catcher In The Rye and The Great Gatsby, symbolism is used to paint mental pictures for the reader. The symbols used allow the reader to foresee the characters emotions, beliefs and values. Ultimately, the authors uses of symbols make both novels more interesting andShow MoreRelated Use Of Symbolism In The Catcher In The Rye and The Great Gatsby804 Words   |  4 PagesUse Of Symbolism In â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye† and â€Å"The Great Gatsby† There are many writers like James Joyce, Patrick Kananach and Thomas Moore who use symbolism to convey and support indirect meaning in their writings. J.D. Salinger and F. Scott Fitzgerald both use symbolism in similar ways. In both â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye† and â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, the authors used symbolism to convey emotions and reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Catcher In The Rye†, J.D. Salinger uses Holden’s red hunting cap, the exhibitsRead MoreLiterary Features in The Great Gatsby and The Catcher in the Rye1158 Words   |  5 Pages Symbolism is used in different ways in both the novels, ‘The Great Gatsby’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ and I have explored the ways in which two different authors have used this literary feature to enhance meaning behind their novels. Fitzgerald uses colour imagery throughout ‘The Great Gatsby’, especially using the colour white which cleverly changes meaning as the story progresses. When the reader is first introduced to both Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker, they are first described as beingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3044 Words   |  13 Pagesof personal happiness and material comfort. The central theme of both ‘The Great Gatsby’, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’, by J.D Salinger, is American lifestyle and mind-set during a time of prosperity. Both texts suggest that changes to American culture causes disappointment as many spent their life searching for the false sense of perfection that the American dream offered. In ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ Holden Caulfield, a boy with extremely high standards finds society and AmericanRead More Mythology and Archetypes in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird2536 Words   |  11 Pagesall the various approaches to criticism, the Mythological/Archetypal achieves the greatest impact over the entire literary scope, because the themes and patterns unearthed apply universally to all works, yielding results that can be applied to a great many texts. This is because the very nature of the Mythological/Archetypal approach is the exploration of the canon for widespread and pe rvading symbols, plots, and characters. These are all greatly extant in Harper Lees classic novel To Kill aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book A New Hope 2190 Words   |  9 Pagesdirectly from the recent Suicide Squad movie, that features a team of rag-tag criminals brought together by the United States government to defeat a greater evil. These villains are kept in control by threat of bombs implanted in their heads, and the plot uses a teammate known as Slipknot to show the other characters, and the audience, the stakes of disobeying orders by detonating said bomb when he attempts escape. This character was never given a background as all of the other characters on the team hadRead MoreMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 Pagesdetermines what social class you are in; you can see how it affects lives. Mantsios is convincing in that, he has hard facts, (meaning that his examples are real true, and taken from a scholarly source), true lifestyles and data to show the reader. He uses secondary sources which are legitimate and the reader can choose to research it for themselves. Mantsios back himself up by using more than one source to prove his theory about test scores and what class you are in. Whether you choose to believe himRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesBrief Survey of American Literature 1. Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermons

The Deep Dark Secrets Behind The Reality Of Wwi - 1412 Words

Darkness Uncovered – The Deep Dark Secrets Behind The Reality of WWI The creation of Canada would be considered a feat in a general consensus, yet the public fails to recognize the dark and inhumane acts that built the country. The inclusion of exploitation and abuse of indigenous people are generally excluded or they are limited. In the First World War, indigenous people are heavily involved in the battlefront, supplying the Canadian army with more soldiers. The incredible achievements of these soldiers are often shadowed by the racial discrimination of white soldiers. In this paper, I will examine the moments in which achievements deemed as being â€Å"heroic† are described as â€Å"acts of savagery†. Joseph Boyden’s Three Day Road illustrates the hidden truth behind the reality of what is generally perceived: the acts of indigenous heroism were known by the soldiers, but they are never formally recognized with fame. This can relate to the events that occurred in the creation of Canada; indigenous people whom volunteered themsel ves to become soldiers in the First World War are exploited and used many times without gaining anything in return. Colonialism stripped the indigenous people of their identity and replaces them with an â€Å"ideal† way of thinking and living. The ignorance of Xavier’s heroic acts in the war and Niska’s identity at home questions the normal conventional notions of heroism that is generally perceived in society. The narrative of war in Three Day Road is told byShow MoreRelatedIt is too Quiet in the After2618 Words   |  10 Pageslingered on the tip of your tongue and crept up your nose, kind of like when you smelled decaying flesh or the lingering scent of infection. It was not only quiet but cold and dark as well. It was too cold for the hot and steamy month of June. The chilly air was raw and jagged, like crisp snow on broken bones and the dark seeped into my white bedroom like bleeding ink on parchment paper. The only source of light was the faint grayish hue that the moon had casted, but even that was slowly melting

The Impact of Internet on Traditional News Media - 2001 Words

THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ON TRADITIONAL NEWS MEDIA 1 The impact of the Internet on traditional news media Lingyan Chen Fairleigh Dickinson University May 6th, 2013 THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ON TRADITIONAL NEWS MEDIA Abstract The study discusses the impact of the Internet on traditional media over time. Media research suggests that Internet would be allowed to exist with traditional news media at the same time, rather than killing off the traditional news media. The competitively relationship between use of the Internet and traditional media for news while managing for such demographic factors as gender and age, is also examined. A positive, rather than negative relationship was found†¦show more content†¦With specifically low usage rates by those younger than 30 years old (Kohut, 2002), newspaper use is positively related with age (Somerville, 2001). According to 2004 Consumer Power User Study, newspaper use is more frequent in demographic groups, especially with individuals ages 18 through 34 (Power User 2004, 2004). Also, most of respondents showed that newspaper reading was a welcome habit among the students and professionals in all the regions. Whereas, newspaper trust by readers has dropped from 80% in 1985 to 59% in 2003 (The state of the news media, 2004). 4 THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ON TRADITIONAL NEWS MEDIA The BEV study reports that users likely choose to obtain news from television rather than from newspapers. Approximately 53 percent of users adjusted TV news programming more than once per day. The role of television in specialist news media should not be neglected, because it is a trusted source of news. Television does mediatize for real. It produces a new discourse, which would be able to be known by a common public as soon as possible, more than just simply summarizes an old discourse. What’s more, television depends on ideas of news connected to people’s lives and environment. Nowadays,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Internet On Traditional Media1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Internet on Traditional Media News Xiaoran Yang Z5047673 ï  ¬ Introduction The Internet has become one of the most popular mediums that facilitating a variety of communication and information-sharing tasks from the past decades. Internet has an effect on the use of traditional media news at the same time. The advent of Internet has caused a challenge to traditional mediaRead MoreMedia, Television, And Media1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthe use of technology and media. Media is defined as â€Å"the means of communication as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely† (Media, n.d.). Not only is media used in public relations, but it is used in the daily lives of a majority of the world’s population. There are two types of media , traditional media and new media. Traditional media involves â€Å"television, newspaper, radio and magazine ads† (Christian, 2014) New media is recognized mainly with theRead More The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media New technology has developed rapidly since the birth of the internet, and it continues to expand and evolve affecting many domains, especially the print media. This essay will investigate the influence and impact of current technology of the electronic media and World Wide Web on print media, and how future developments in technology will affect the future direction of the traditional newspaper. The way in which â€Å"Bloggers† haveRead MoreThe Internet And New Media1504 Words   |  7 PagesIn the new millennium, the communication channels have advanced at an amazing rate, making it possible for two people separated by thousands of kilometers to get in contact and socialize as if they were face to face. These possibilities of human interconnection have transformed the internet, as Bill Gates well says, into the meeting place of world population. The outer shell of the internet and all of its services encouraged over time the materialization of many computer programs, with featuresRead MoreImpact Of Marketing On Internet + Era Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, write down four main parts, that are the new impact of marketing ways in Internet + era, the discussion of tourism promotion strategies on social network and the innovation form of Internet + tourism, in the end, it is conclusion. About the first part, it will introduce the characteristics of the Internet + times, the rise of social networks, as well as the impact of both on the new means of marketing. The internet + times have three characteristics: First, it is cross-border integrationRead MoreThe Revolution Between Traditional Media Platforms On Online And Mobile Media918 Words   |  4 PagesThe revolution between traditional media platform to online and mobile media sources have change greatly throughout the past decades. With the time it takes for news to present its’ information quickly, online media provides the ability to access information and news ahead of traditional media. Especially with technology, receiving information can just be an arm’s length away by your smart phones or other electronic devices. Especially with Information Technology growing at a constant rate, consumersRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Journalism1742 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has had a huge i mpact on the way that journalism is practiced and the way that the general public perceive news in the present day. This dissertation aims to identify and explore the use of the different social media platforms, focusing on the impact that the rise of social media has had on journalism practices. In addition, this paper will examine the public’s responses to the news that they receive through social media platforms. Examples of social media platforms that this dissertationRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On Society s Media1714 Words   |  7 Pagesundeniable that the society is experiencing a mediated culture, where mass media have direct effects on our society. Newspapers, magazines, radios, and televisions constantly give out messages to promote products, attitudes, and ideas in an attempt to influence audiences. The effect is further enhanced when digital media, particularly the Internet, enters the competition for the limited supply of audience attention. The saturated mass media industry no longer has the benefit of reach it used to have, especiallyRead MoreThe Difference Between Building a Powerful Online Brand or Building a Powerful Brand Online1046 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilding a powerful brand online. The Internet is seen as a new marketing model, especially for direct marketing. Although it offers exciting potential for marketing communications (MarCom), it can rarely stand alone as a brand-building tool just as direct marketing cannot. Companies should utilize the Internet as a marketing mechanism, not the marketing mechanism, and strategically fit it into the overall MarCom mix. Many marketers are separating the Internet from the MarCom mix, forming independentRead MoreA Study on the Strategic Growth Future Prospect of E -Marketing in India1466 Words   |  6 Pagesof contemporary overview of changing face of Marketing in India. E-Marketing is the new face of these changing phenomena.’ As per general understanding of e-Marketing term is concerned, it is also referred as Internet Marketing, I-Marketing, Web Marketing, Online Marketing, or, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. As we all know that how the technology has changed the face of New India. As a result, e-Marketing has grown to gargantuan proportions as it has been able

Workplace Diversity And Time Off For Religious Observances

Chess International Memorandum To: All Project Team Managers Members From: HR Director Date: 10/26/2016 RE: Workplace Diversity and Time Off for Religious Observances At Chess INTL, Diversity is a mentality, not just strategic imperative. Having a workforce which is diverse in background and life experience contributes positively towards meeting Chess International’s vision and adopting the shared approach and Values outlined in our Corporate Plan. Valuing these differences is the cornerstone of our Workplace Diversity and will support us in meeting our business objectives as well as enhancing our ability to meet the needs and expectations of our clients. The benefits of cultural diversity for your business include: †¢ a positive public image as an employer of choice †¢ brand differentiation based on targeted marketing †¢ innovation, creativity and enhanced problem-solving †¢ expanded markets through employees’ cultural connections Maximizing the benefits of a culturally diverse workforce can be achieved through effective workforce planning. Our Policies were formed by current enforcement by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) Chess INTL Recommendations on Reasonable Accommodation of Religious Beliefs and Practices - Reasonable Accommodation †¢ Make reasonable efforts to accommodate the employees’ religious practices. †¢ Individually assess each request and avoid assumptions or stereotypes about whatShow MoreRelatedDiversity in the Workplace Essay examples1414 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract This paper is aimed at providing a framework for discussion of diversity and how it pairs with demographic characteristics. It is divided into four parts. Part I represents diversity in the workforce, which reflects the rational of organizations and how they handle diversity in the occupations of their workers. Parts II characterize diversity and age, as it responds to the fact that older people have the skill set to keep them working well past retirement age. Part III denotes religionRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace1043 Words   |  5 PagesManaging diverse employees in a multicultural environment proves challenging to managers; yet, increasing diversity in the workplace is very beneficial for an organization. Diverse employees will provide a wider array of talents and will relate better to varied customers. Because managers have more influence than rank-and-file employees, it is imperative that managers commit to diversity of the workforce. Dissimilarities among people due to differences in characteristics can erode companies. FirstlyRead MoreThe Workplace And The Ethical Issues Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in the workplace can introduce some of the most challenging concerns employers have to tackle. Solving these issues involves an understanding of the law as well as attempting to balance the business s needs with an employee s desire to practice his or her religion. One of the most controversial conflicts when dealing with religion in the workplace is between an employee s desire to take time off to acknowledge religious days or holidays and the potential reduction in productivity andRead MoreAn Extremely Brief History of India911 Words   |  4 PagesIndia’s depiction ‘was the most negative of all Asian countries’ (Asia Society, 1976; quoted in Nayar and Paul, 2003: 95). India’s recent history has been peppered with conflict and periods of chaos with continuing problems in Kashmir and with religious extremists. India’s economic position has been improving but with a gross disparity in wealth and income. Sixty-eight percent of the population earns less than two dollars per day. Religion ‘‘This would be the best of all possible worlds, ifRead MoreReligious Discrimination and Racial Harassment in the United States Workplace1894 Words   |  8 PagesThe diversity of the domestic and global workforce is increasing daily in the United States (U.S.). The growing number of immigrants and the expansion of globalization in the workforce forces organizations to make necessary adjustments to meet the needs of all their employees. People in organizations have different cultural and religious backgrounds that can be quite different in beliefs and practices (Johnson, 2012). The workforce is more diverse in ethnicity, culture, language, and religion (BorstorffRead MoreEssay about The Equal Opportunity Employer Law and Discrimination1511 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause not all Islamic religions support killing, and suicide bombing. The first amendment gives everyone the freedom of religion, expression, and speech. However, many individuals are discriminated against in the workplace because of their religious beliefs. If a persons religious beliefs has nothing to do with their work ethic, why is it considered an issue? During, and after 9/11 Muslims became the butt end of all jokes on tonight shows, and sometimes in general conversation. â€Å"The stereotypingRead MoreGlobal Policy Regarding Religious Accommodation3126 Words   |  13 PagesChopra (Global Head of HR) Re: Global Policy regarding Religious Accommodation The rise of religious diversity in the workforce is increasing as HM’s footprint is becoming more global. HM policies and procedures must address religious diversity in the workforce, not just to accommodate employees’ religious practices but also as a tool to gain competitiveness in the marketplace. HM policies should try to reasonably accommodate an employee’s religious practices unless doing so would create hurdles forRead MoreTitle Vii, the Civil Rights Act of 19643095 Words   |  13 Pagesto give their workers time off from work to practice their faith and celebrate religious holidays. Employers may face legal issues and be fined if they refuse time off without a good reason. Time off cannot be denied just because the employer doesnt believe in the holiday or religion but needs a legitimate business reason in the eyes of the law. With respect to our dilemma, our employee John’s refusal to carry out his assigned job because of a new religious belief is a very interestingRead MoreDiversity Training in the Workplace Essay example6940 Words   |  28 PagesIntroduction 4 Gender Diversity 7 Diversity in Sexuality 8 Racial Diversity 10 Diversity in Age 11 Cultural Diversity 12 Religious Diversity 13 Importance of Diversity Training 18 Recommendations for Managers 22 Conclusion 26 References 28 Abstract This research paper addresses the importance of diversity training in the workplace. Having realized how pertinent workplace discrimination is globally,Read MoreNotes On Ethics And Social Responsibility2920 Words   |  12 Pages Religion in the Workplace Frances Daniels Ashford University November 11,2014 SOC120: Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility (ADG1441G) Instructor: Raeven Chandler Abstract Because religion or spirituality is important to many people, individuals in the working world need to be aware of the issues surrounding each so that they will be able to converse with others without causing turmoil. It is important to understand that prayer plays a large part in the lives of people

Food Matters Test Marketing

Question: Discuss about theFood Matters for Test Marketing. Answer: Introduction Food marketing is similar to the marketing of other consumer products but in this case, the product of interest is food. A food marketer puts emphasis on brands; conducting consumer research, test marketing, strategies of entering into the new markets and segmentation among others. Some problems which needs to be taken care of is the marketing of food products which are perishable as well as when these products are available to the market, both of which depend of n the harvesting time. It is also crucial to understand the role of the parties involved in the sequential delivery of the product to the customers. Sheth, Jagdish N., and Atul Parvatlyar. "Relationship marketing in consumer markets: antecedents and consequences." Journal of the Academy of marketing Science 23, no. 4 (1995): 255-271. On most occasions, the customers tend to lower their choices and in turn they focus their relational behaviors in an effort to make their consuming behavior and buying patterns. This then helps the customers to access information easily, lower the risks involved in buying and maintain a comfortable state of the mind. The social and family-related factor, religious beliefs, policies of the market and government regulations also enables the consumers to participate in other market behaviors. Therefore if the food marketers and the consumers can engage in a productive means of marketing of the specific food products. In some cases, this marketing can be ineffective especially if the marketers and consumers abuse such cooperation. Sire, Istvan, Emese Kapolna, Beata Kapolna, and Andrea Lugasi. "Functional food. Product development, marketing and consumer acceptanceA review." Appetite 51, no. 3 (2008): 456-467. The author states that establishment of the understanding between health and nutrition resulted in the development of functional food and products. This consideration is likely to influence the ability of the consumers to purchase a given food. Therefore the manufacturers and those who practice value addition should perform processing steps which add the nutritional value to the food. As a result of this, the marketers have the reason to base their marketing on the health benefits derive from consumption of the said food. A food type can be processed such that it gives several nutritional benefits. One can consider getting one type of food as compared to buying several individual foods. Zeithaml, Valarie A. "Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence." The Journal of marketing (1988): 2-22. The prices of foods are likely to influence the purchasing behavior and the ability of the customers to by a certain product and leave the other. At some point, the consumers look for the relationship between the quality of a food and its quality. This is because customers aim at getting the value of a product based on its price. With regards to marketing, the marketers who draw a clear relationship between the price and quality of the food that they market are likely to influence the purchasing patterns. In some other situations, if there is no much difference in terms of the quality of food among several types of food, then price might not really have a significant role on the quality of the food. Harris, Jennifer L., Jennifer L. Pomeranz, Tim Lobstein, and Kelly D. Brownell. "A crisis in the marketplace: how food marketing contributes to childhood obesity and what can be done." Annual review of public health 30 (2009): 211-225. The author states that it is crucial for the marketers to mark boundaries between the types of foods that they have and the categories of customers. In some cases, it has been found that some foods are good for children while others are good for adults. Sometimes the marketers are asked not to perform marketing to the children because some junk foods have been associated with obesity in children. The author of this article states that the rate at which marketing of food is done to the children has been on the increase especially on the television, radios, mobile phones and the internet. Such foods could be having a high calorie but low nutritional quality hence causing unpleasant side effects. It is therefore good that each country, human rights groups and food industry to lobby for the barriers to be placed to reduce marketing of food to children. Paul, Justin, and Jyoti Rana. "Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food." Journal of consumer Marketing 29, no. 6 (2012): 412-422. The debate of the importance of organic foods has received several reactions from the food consumers. Organic foods are foods which are grown using organic manure and employ the biological means of pest control. Such foods are preferred by the people but they are sold at very high prices while other times they are not available in most food outlets and stores. The use of chemical applications while farming has been associated with onset of diseases. Therefore a food marketer who advertises the organic foods and at affordable prices is likely to influence the purchasing pattern of the consumers. The author of this article found that the satisfaction of consumers by the organic foods was affected by several factors such as the availability and the education levels of the consumers. Block, Lauren G., Punam A. Keller, Beth Vallen, Sara Williamson, Mia M. Birau, Amir Grinstein, Kelly L. Haws et al. "The Squander Sequence: Understanding Food Waste at Each Stage of the Consumer Decision Making Process." Journal of Public Policy Marketing (2016). It is advisable that the consumers minimize the possibility of wasting food. However the author of this article notes that the cases of food wasting are rampant at all stages of food distribution including food marketing. Food wastage occurs when the consumers are face with decisions of acquiring food especially as a result of marketing initiatives. The author recommended that future studies be done to determine the level of food wastage at the pre-acquisition, consumption and disposal. Sometimes the prices of food commodities can be too low such that the customers find themselves buying s much of that food that then can consume. It is therefore good that the consumers are not moved so much by the marketing strategies of food industries leading to increased purchase and wastage of food. Wilcock, Anne, Maria Pun, Joseph Khanona, and May Aung. "Consumer attitudes, knowledge and behaviour: a review of food safety issues." Trends in Food Science Technology 15, no. 2 (2004): 56-66. It has been found that the attitudes that consumers have regarding the quality of food affects their purchasing power. If they have a positive attitude, then they will purchase more and if they have a negative attitude they will purchase less of the particular food. These attitudes towards the food is said to be influenced by the by the socioeconomic status of the buyers as well as the demographic features. Therefore the marketing strategies by a food company should be based on creating a positive attitude towards the foods. The authors say that if the consumers are provided with the right information concerning a certain food type, they are going to build a positive attitude towards it. Grunert, Klaus G. "Current issues in the understanding of consumer food choice." Trends in Food Science Technology 13, no. 8 (2002): 275-285. The author states that when the consumers initially decide to buy a food, it is because they expect quality and for sure after they consume that food, they need to experience the value of that quality. The creation of quality expectations are based on the formation of a variety of brands and labels of the food so that they can bring a future prediction of what to expect from one food type from the other. An example is the use of genetic engineering which leads to the development of high attitude towards the food produced and hence influences the behavior of consumers. There are some other foods whereby a consumer does not see the quality of the food but before or after purchase. In such a case, the marketing team needs to take advantage of this situation and finally end up making them to buy the food. Sillani, Sandro, and Federico Nassivera. "Consumer behavior in choice of minimally processed vegetables and implications for marketing strategies." Trends in Food Science Technology 46, no. 2 (2015): 339-345. In this article, the author sought to determine how the consumer patterns for fresh cuts are likely to affect the intention of a customer to buy or not. There are some approaches which provide various drivers which affect the willingness as well as the attitude of a consumer to buy a certain type of food. The implications of the management team give a clear understanding the factors which affect the ability of a person to purchase the fresh cut products or not. The fresh cut could be appealing for consumption but in some cases they are expensive. However if the supply is continuous, the customers would get used to the prices too. If the marketers can use the assurance of a continuous supply of fresh food, they are likely to influence the purchasing patterns of the consumers. Teng, Chih-Ching, and Yu-Mei Wang. "Decisional factors driving organic food consumption: generation of consumer purchase intentions." British Food Journal 117, no. 3 (2015): 1066-1081. In this article, the authors aim was to determine the effect of the information given by organic food companies to the customers through advertising. Therefore if trust is built between the food marketers and customers, they can develop a positive attitude towards the information given regarding the organic foods. This attitude is then translated into the intentions and use of the information that they perceive towards the purchase of organic foods. In this research, the author reports that the perceived knowledge has no significant impact towards the development of a certain attitude towards organic foods by a consumer. It is therefore important that organic food marketers capitalize focus on using the existing knowledge as a strategy of marketing its products so as to create more trust for organic foods by consumers. Nikolova, Hristina Dzhogleva, and J. Jeffrey Inman. "Healthy Choice: The Effect of Simplified Point-of-Sale Nutritional Information on Consumer Food Choice Behavior." Journal of Marketing Research 52, no. 6 (2015): 817-835. In marketing of foods, the retailers of grocery products have been reported to join a fight against the development of obesity by providing seminars and programs aimed at wellness creation at their buying points. The author of this article therefore sought to find out whether such wellness programs by grocery owners were beneficial to customers or not. Therefore a scoring system was used to evaluate the effect of such wellness initiatives aimed at improving the health of the people. The scoring system was designed to determine whether the offering of wellness programs had any influence on the shopping decisions towards certain foods. The authors therefore found that the health the information given at the point of sale by grocery owners helped the customers in making healthy food choices. This was demonstrated by a switch to high scoring products. Feldmann, Corinna, and Ulrich Hamm. "Consumers perceptions and preferences for local food: A review." Food Quality and Preference 40 (2015): 152-164. In this article, the author sought to determine the perception of local foods by the consumers. This is due to an observed increase in the available information regarding the local foods and hence attracting the interest of consumers. Therefore there is need to determine whether the information delivered to consumers about local foods influences their purchasing patterns. This research found that the consumers did not view the local food to be as expensive as the organic food. As a result, the consumers were reported to have the willingness to pay a little bit more for the local foods. The food companies which can capitalize in provision of information regarding the availability of local foods are likely to influence the customer purchasing behaviors. Conclusion At some point, some distributors take it as their iniative to add value to the food products such that the value of what gets to the customer is higher than the initial product from the producers. The roles of the marketers and processors of food products offer convenience to the consumers although this might bring some rise in costs to the buyers. It is therefore important that consumers are given the correct information about foods by the marketers.

Petroleum Retail Market Retail Industries

Question: Critically discuss the implications of recent trends and changes within the supply chain of the UK petroleum retail market. Answer: Introduction A brief research showed that the UK market for petroleum as well as liquid fuel experienced an effective change regarding the supply and demand of oil and gas. The oil industry in UK contains the general procedure of refining, exploration, transportation, extraction and marketing the products of petroleum. Gasoline or petrol and fuel oil are the biggest volume products of the oil industry. Petroleum oil is a raw material which contains numerous chemical products. The chemical products include solvents, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, plastic and pesticides. The UK industry is divided into three fundamental components such as downstream, midstream and upstream. The operation of midstream is commonly included in the category of downstream. The demand for petroleum and its products has been increasing in such countries which are developed. The countries are China, India as well as Middle East countries. Countries such as the United Kingdom have shown a high potential for the development g as and oil industries. These developments have led to the improvement in gas and oil sectors based on its efficiency. It has also impacted the rise of prices. As a result, the United Kingdom and US reassessed strong inclinations in the UK market of liquid and fuels. The government of United Kingdom provides a massive public support to the companies of petroleum with significant breaks in taxes at every virtual stage of oil extraction and exploration. The cost of drilling equipment and oilfield leases are also included. In the United Kingdom, the National Petroleum Council evaluates the demand for gas and oil supply. Analysis of the factors affecting the current gas and oil industry in UK The primary factors that impact the current structure and size of the new gas and oil retail sectors are the demand and supply of worlds energy, unconventional resources, the requirement of technology, and the constraints that meet the need of energy and access to resources (Hilyard, 2012). The description of each of these factors are listed below: The demand and supply of worlds energy The energy of the world are the primary resources for these industries. The resources are oil and natural gas. According to the National Petroleum Council, the international demand in UK for oil in the year 2000 was seventy-six million barrels per day (Inkpen and Moffett, 2011). The production of oil is currently eight six million barrels per day which are equivalent to 31.4 billion barrels per year. Since petroleum contains hydrocarbons, so NPC or National Petroleum Council predicted that the hydrocarbon fuels can still make up eighty percent of the sources of energy by 2030. Based on the natural gas, the situation is more optimistic than oil industries. Internationally, the production of natural gas in 2000 was two hundred and forty-three billion cubic feet per day. NPC projected that the demand for natural gas would increase to 356-581 billion cubic feet per day by 2030 (Energy policies of IEA countries, 2012). Most of the natural gas are used to generate electricity and heat in E urope, Russia and North America and hence satisfying the customers (Economic review, 2009). Unconventional resources Unconventional resources are reservoirs producing gas and oil at very low flow rates due to geologic complexity, high fluid viscosity and low permeability (Markowski, 2012). It includes resources triangle which is a concept used by Masters to find a large gas field. Figure 1 Figure 1 represents a resource triangle. When someone goes deeper, the reservoirs are low grade. It means that the permeability of reservoir is decreasing (Linn, 2014). However, low permeability reservoirs are much larger than high-quality reservoirs. High-quality reservoirs need to be improved technology, and therefore, prices get increased. Requirement of technology Technologies are required for the improvement of unconventional gas and oil and the reservoirs. The techniques include reservoir engineering, drilling, well stimulation, completion methods and formation evaluation. The technology must deal with the getting more gas and oil out of the reservoir and thereby reduce the cost of drilling. Better technologies based on the electronics and materials can withstand high temperature and high pressure. As a result, drilling methods can be improved thereby increasing the gas and oil supply(Van, 2010). Technology for unconventional gas includes hydraulic fracture fluids which are among the most important technology of all. It requires challenging operators in unconventional gas tanks. Formulation of polymer gel are utilized for creating the crack as well as carry the propping agents. The constraints that meet the demand of energy The limitations are environmental, technological, manpower and capital constraints. Based on environmental constraints, NPC stated that the use of hydrocarbon fuels need development in technology as well as the regulatory and legal framework. The issues based on the emission of carbon dioxide must be resolved. It is very crucial to develop the technology, so the National Petroleum Council suggest UK governments and UK industry to put money on technical development(Hilyard, 2012). The NPC also recommends the UK government should recruit young engineers who are willing to work in these fields. The changes should be made to tax laws for allowing the retired people. Based on technological constraints, research says that the governments and the industry in oil-producing countries should put more money into the development as well as research. Access to resources In many areas such as North America, the gas and oil deposit are restricted due to environmental concerns. The National Petroleum Council recommends the UK governments to conduct regional and national resources and market assessments for identifying opportunities. As a result, the supply of gas, coal and oil will increase in United Kingdom. The continuation method to create technologies by the industry must be progressed for the development of friendly environment of high potential areas. It is developed both offshore and onshore. It is recommended that public must learn about energy, its application and its benefits. The impact of the increase in price of oil in UK The increase in the price of oil impact globally. The increase in the price of petroleum oil will lead to the decrease of discretionary spending of lifestyle in UK(Powers, 2013). The increase in the price of the gas will lead shoppers to drive less. Researchers concluded that the volume of gas and oil production was directly tied to the price of it. As stated by Marin Software, the searches based on online shopping increased dramatically along with the growth in gas price. However, the automobile industries in UK have reported increasing the price of gas and the necessities for the reduction of dependence on oil by manufacturing more fuel-efficient and smaller cars. The customers have supported this revolution in automobile industries in UK. Also, small vehicles presently account for around a quarter of all United Kingdom auto sales(Herkenhoff, 2013). The increase in the price of gas leads to the increase in public transportation ridership. For example, a public train like the Rider on Rail Runner of New Mexico provides facility between Albuquerque and Santa Fe grew by fourteen percent for the same month. Evaluation of the potential of technical change in next decade The increase in prices from gas and oil and the development of technology cannot stay constant. It means that the technology needs to change so as to reduce the cost of oil production. It may lead to the reduction of the cost of gas and oil. Thus, it will remove the problems faced by normal people during the purchase of oil(Delloitte, 2012). The technical change needs some evaluation and calculations to determine that whether the modification can result in some benefits or not. First of all, the cost needs to be evaluated. After that, evaluation of low-carbon and energy supply technologies needs to be done. In numerous respects, 2020 could prove to be a crisis in the evolution of energy system (Sheng and Chen, 2014). By 2050, the overall population of the world will rise by more than two billion people. The OECD countries will be a progressively minor energy players in the world in production, demand and trade, but nevertheless remain significant as a supplier of technology (Smead, 2 015). Consumption of primary-energy fuel for electricity and heat production in 2030 (EJ/YR) Increase in demand of new power from 2002 to 2030 (TWh) The demand of final electricity in 2030 (TWh/YR) Consumption of primary-energy fuel for electricity in 2030 (EJ/YR) Total emission from electricity in 2030 (GtCO2-Eq/YR) OECD 118.6 4,488 14,244 115.4 5.98 EIT 29.3 983 2,468 22.1 1.17 Non-OECD 128.5 10,111 14,944 125.3 8.62 World 276.4 15,582 31,656 262.8 15.77 The above table represents a baseline data from the World Energy Outlook 2004. This chart describes the mitigation potentials and the cost for the primary supply of energy based on technology (Kondratov, 2015). The generation of final electricity was based on the electrical proficiencies calculated from the data of 2002. It includes a correction for the share of final heat in the total consumption of final energy. These technologies are quantified and compared with the assumptions of 2030. This analysis determines the mitigation potentials at a high end of the range of every technology by 2030 (Smead, 2015). It expects every innovation or technology will be executed as much as financially and, in fact, possible and yet it is restricted by the down to earth requirements of stock turnover, preparing of authority skill, the rate of expansion of producing limit and so on. The presumptions utilized are contrasted, and different examinations reported in the writing. Each and every innovati on will be obliged by what will be going on somewhere else in the energy supply area. They could never achieve this total greatest potential all in all. Therefore, these definite possibilities can't be explicitly included to get an anticipated genuine potential (Duncan, 2015). Innovative technologies in UK are set to develop and innovative technologies. It will be built for sustaining production and facilitate trade mainly in gas and oil industries. Public energy industries are likely to be transferred to many countries. As a result, there will be more completion in the international energy market. The changeover of the worlds energy segment based on gas and oil industry could well increase in speed over the period 2020 to 2050 (Andrews and Playfoot, 2014). The type of energy structure will develop and it will be shaped by a multitude of constraints and opportunities. For example, numerous end-use devices like industrial processes, cars, heating systems, infrastructure and parts of the building stock will get started to be replaced by innovative technologies. By 2050, all vitality innovations or technologies like gadgets will have been supplanted at any rate once (FOCUS: Libya starts to rebuild its oil and gas industries, 2011). It will offer an abundance of possible outcomes for setting the advancement of both the UK society and economy on an a great deal more energy efficient way. Be that as it may, advancements like new and old require significant investment to deliver and diffuse, and there is presently worry that uses on vitality research and development are on the decay. Besides, increments in the convergence of nursery gasses in the weather over the more lengthy term will make it vital to put resources into arrangements and advances, and it will permit consistency with stricter ecological targets. What's more, oil generation will presumably have begun to diminish, took after nearly by gas; regardless of the fact that non-traditional oil and gas assets fill the crevice for quite a while, substitute powers will, in the end, should be found. Conclusion The above report is based on the development of oil and gas retail industries in UK. In the first portion, the analysis is done on the factors that affect the new structure and size of the current UK gas and oil retail sectors. The second part described the impact of high price oil in the life of normal people of UK and on the international industries like automobiles. The next portion evaluated the potential of technical change in next decade based on energy retailing industries in UK. Evaluation is done by taking help from the baseline data table. The oil and gas industry employs people in different types of jobs roles both onshore and offshore. Bibliography Delloitte, 2012. Study of the UK petroleum retail market. 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