PEST Analysis: Brompton Bicycle

PEST Analysis: Brompton Bicycle Brompton Bicycle is a uk manufacturer bicycle based in Brentford, London by Andrew Ritchie in 1976. Models are named using a code to describe the handle bar type, number of gears and factory attached fixtures. An optional suffix is appended to show the inclusion of titanium upgrades. In Britain the clubs membership is changing, now 35-40% customers of Brompton are women. The average riders age has also dropped below 40. Its getting profit in uk . Brompton Bicycle is a British company that specialises in folding bicycles, commonly known as Brompton which is popular among bicycle commuters, especially in the UK, the Netherlands, and Japan. The Brompton design has remained fundamentally unchanged over three decades, although it has been steadily refined. The Brompton increases peoples independence and freedom so people can use this cycle wherever they can use. Approximately 22,000 bicycles are produced by the company each year and 70 percent are exported to asia and Europe. The compact dimensions of most folding bikes allow easy transport in public transport where travelling with a normal bike can be difficult or forbidden. We can this cycle in different style handlebar like c type handlebar, m type handlebar, s type handlebar and p type handlebar. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brompton_Bicycle PEST ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLE: Political factor: Many people are cycling on London major roads and it has nearly doubled since 2000 and TfL is targeting a 5% mode share for cycling by 2025. South West Trains is a part of Stagecoach Group, has joined forces with Brompton Bicycle to encourage passengers for cycle as part of a fully integrated low carbon journey combining bike and train. Every one like this bikes because it is efficient to ride but can be quickly folded into a package smaller than an average suitcase, so people can take wherever they like. Economic factor: Though exports account for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its bikes in the UK. Its getting profit here. Social factor: Brompton bike got a award, Mr Ritchie, who was awarded the prize that recognizes a lifetime contribution to design, he has spent 21 years perfecting to the Brompton, which is manufactured in Britain and sells around the world. At a reception in Buckingham Palace 50 years of British design genius was celebrating. Technological factor: When transporting a Brompton Bicycle by Train, Car plane or boat it would be beneficial to have a protective case. There is a need for such a protective case to also double as a fully functional bike trailer so it will attach to the rear of the bike and be used to transport light to moderate loads. -http://www.stagecoachgroup.com SWOT ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLE: strength: Brompton bicycle is travel free and without booking restrictions we can use on rail, bus, underground, ferry or air services. Its that freedom to travel anywhere that gives folding bikes a magic quality. A folding bike can be new ways of travelling. Its have many colour with extra tall frame to fit tall riders. From 1976, Brompton was in business, but growth was infuriatingly slow. Today, Brompton Bicycle Ltd turns out 100 precision-crafted bikes a day from its cosy in Kew. Brompton bicycle sold in 27 international markets and servicing needs of the 200,000 Brompton users who are already on the road. They make something fashionable. People like the Brompton because its fun and it fits into their lives. In London, the bike is moving from being an issue of personal choice. On the corporate side, Brompton already leases a fleet of bikes to South West Trains at Waterloo. Mr Butler-Adams planned to provide package deals including bikes, training, storage and insurance to other companies.Brompton Bicycle is going to produce 25,000 bikes this year, achieving sales of  £7m-  £8m. Ritchie expects it to grow 25% a year under the leadership of managing director Butler-Adams. Brompton bicycle exports to markets to Netherlands, America, Germany, Japan and Scandinavia account for about 60% of its sales. weakness : Brompton bicycles seat pillars in both steel and aluminium versions. standard seat pillar, the Brompton and Brooks saddles can be up to 995mm from the ground. If customers inside leg is more than 33/84cm,he will almost need either of the longer seat pillars. So for the shorter people it can be difficult for ride. Its not adjustable as other bigger cycle. The merits and drawbacks of small and large wheels alike can be argued into the late hours. Opportunities: The Brompton is the only bike in the world to combine such ready portability with a first-class ride, and it creates countless new opportunities for using a bicycle. Malcolm Shepherd, Chief Executive of Sustrans said: Cycling England has been a crucial conduit for funding which has touched the lives of millions of people by making it possible for people to cycle for everyday journeys. And Brompton bikes are suitable for the every journey. Here are so many bike company competitor for the Brompton bikes. Alldays Onions, Bickerton- folding bikes. Boardman bikes, british eagle, claud bulter, dawes, etc.. bicycles are here. Like Brompton bickerton is also a folding cycle. It can be a main competitor. The Bickerton was a portable, aluminium folding bicycle designed by Harry Bickerton it had manufactured in the UK between 1971 and 1991. The bicycle was made of aluminium profiles and riding properties were poor, aluminium parts could never be properly locked in place. its weight and folded package size broke and it is cited by Andrew Ritchie as one of his inspirations in creating the highly successful Brompton bicycle. So the Brompton is better than any cycle thats why70% Brompton bike are exporting to asia and Europe. Threats: The UK folding bike Brompton is a curious company. Brompton bicycle exports for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its bikes in the UK. Brompton bicycles many parts are custom made so it may bring delays and extra costs for repairing than authorized dealers. The bike is less suited to long rides as most models have restricted gears. Riders requiring a bottom bracket to saddle top height of more than 715mm/28 can select an extended seat post to give a maximum saddle height of 775mm/30.5 -http://www.bikesandtrailers.com/folding-bikes/brompton.html Before doing any business first we have to do pest analysis in that country which is following: PEST ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH: Political environment Bangladesh is a poor nation in South Asia its gained independence in 1971 against West Pakistan .After independence, Bangladesh has established a largely moderate and democratic majority as a Muslim country. The Bangladesh National Party and the Awami League traditionally have dominated Bangladeshi politics, with the AL in government since January 2009. Bangladesh was ruled by a military-backed caretaker government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed for two years prior to the return to democracy that was ushered in by the December 2008 election. The current Hasina government came to power in free and fair elections with an overwhelming majority in parliament. Economic environment The economy of Bangladesh is a developing country its per capita income in 2008 was est. US$1,500. According to the International Monetary Fund, Bangladeshs rank w3as the 48th largest economy in the world in 2009. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% p.a. over the past few years. Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance Social environment Bangladeshi population is largely Muslim. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million. Religiously, about 90% Bengali people are Muslims and the remainder are mostly Hindus. Technological environment The Bangladesh have Space Research and Remote Sensing Organisation which operates remote sensing facilities in both French and American satellites, and it is applying meteorological and geographic data to such basic problems as soil fertility, water management, forecasting, and agricultural census work. In 1986 it became the first non-American organization and it got a award by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. They provided training for Bangladeshi scientists and grants of equipment and technical assistance. Bangladeshi Atomic Energy Commission operates an experimental nuclear reactor and conducts as well important agricultural research on seeds, parasites, storage of harvested crops, and irradiation. http://www.traderscity.com/board/countrytargetedleads/Bangladesh.html PEST ANALYSIS OF INDIA: Political environment After Indias independence on August 15, 1947, India received most of the subcontinents 562 widely scattered polities, or princely states, as well as the majority of the British provinces, and parts of three of the remaining provinces. Muslim Pakistan received the remainder. Pakistan consisted of a western wing, with the approximate boundaries of modern Pakistan, and an eastern wing, with the boundaries of present-day Bangladesh. India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic country with a Parliamentary form of Government. The Constitution was adopted by the Assembly on 26th November 1949 and it came into force on 26th November 1950. Economic environment India is eleventh largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity. The country began to develop a fast-paced economic growth and free market principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and foreign investment. Per capita income in india is $1,030, ranked 139th in the world, while its per capita (PPP) of US$2,940 is ranked 128th. Indias large service industry accounts for 55% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while the industrial and agricultural sector contribute 28% and 17% respectively. In 2006 India exported US$21.8 billion worth of merchandise to the United States and Indian imports from the U.S. rose 26.3% to $10.1 billion in 2006, up 146% since 2002. Social environment Current Population of India is around 1,150,000,000 (1.15 billion) people in 2010, of which Hinduism accounted for 80.5%, Islam is (13.5%), Christianity is (3.0%) and Sikhism (2.3%). these are the major religions followed by the people of India. There are 29 language in india. Technological environment The Indian software industry was grown from a mere US $ 150 million in 1991-92 to a staggering US $ 5.7 billion in 1999-2000.The annual growth rate of Indias software exported consistently over 50 percent since 1991. Indias software exports would be around $ 6.3 billion, in addition to $ 2.5 billion in domestic sale. -http://www.stylusinc.com/business/india/encyclopedia.htm -http://www.locatehotelroom.com/India/encyclopedia.htm PEST ANALYSIS OF NEPAL political environment An isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century, Nepal entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The government encouraged import and export to promote good business and encourage growth which will hopefully result in a higher employment rate, higher salaries and a better standard of living for all in time. Economic environment Agriculture is Nepals principal economic activity which employing 80% of the population and providing 37% of GDP. Only about 20% of the total area is cultivable; another 33% is forested; most of the rest is mountainous. The main food crops are rice and wheat. The lowland Terai region produces an agricultural surplus is a part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas. Export in recent years is approximately 70% of merchandise. Nepals merchandise trade balance has improved somewhat since 2000 with the growth of the carpet and garment industries. Social environment Nepals current population is 28,563,377 of which 80.6 percent are Hindu, 10.7 percent are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, 3.6 percent are Kirat ,0.5 percent are Christian, and 0.4 percent are classified other groups such as Bà ¶n religion. Technological environment Nepal is a late starter in modem science and technology. it developed technological capabilities in some specific areas they are civil engineering, architecture, agriculture, metallurgy, water management, textile and paper manufacture, medicine, dyeing and food technology. http://www.visitnepal.com/business PESTEL ANALYSIS IN SRI LANKA POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT Socialistic predilection in Sri Lanka was unswerving, but as time passed by it gave room for investment overseas in 1978. Board of Investment operates as a sovereign legal bureau with investment in foreign countries as a focus. BOI is authorized to yield grants to organizations that meet the basic eligibility standards on minimal investment, employment and exports. When the organization fails to meet the standards then its projects have to be sanctioned by the respective departments of the government. BOI also deals with the 10 zones of free trade, which is known as the export-processing zones. BOI possess the authorization to relieve any confinements on the FDI Eleven huge privatizations were accounted for 34% of the FDI. Nevertheless due to the instable political conditions and conflicting ethnicity the advancement on this issue is been decelerate for years. The president sketched out regarding anti-privatization economical scheme in his electoral pronunciamento known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Mahinda Chintanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. Various enterprises of the state which designing itself to be privatized were not approved, this includes the airports and banks. Privatize. Organization was planned to be regulated by the government which will turn the loss into a profit-making organization. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Sound rates of growth has been steady in Sri Lanka despite if its intense violence on ethnicity. Rich private demand of requirements, core industrialization, primarily the intensive labour textile industry and the advancement of domestic tea manufacturing hiked the growth rate of the economy. The well-disposed FDI policy of the government ensued the zooming inflows of capital. The deceleration in the global issues activated an acute condensation in the activities of the economy in the year 2001. Subsequently there was a recuperation in the sectors of the industries that is impelled by a firm external demand and an increased growth rates in the sectors relating to service resulted in a sizeable enlargement of economical activities though the tsunami that hit the sectors of agriculture was critically damaged. Deficits in the fiscal aspects are an important issue to the government, which has been diminishing in the years past. The current fiscal obligates to cut back deficits. There are many industries that imparts in great value to the GDP that engages greater population of the manpower, this comprises of the industry in tourism, and the service industries. When taking industries into consideration, it is the textile industry that yields greater sum of revenues in export. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Sri Lanka holds a populace of 20,238,000, of which Sinhalese constitutes about 74%, Sri Lankan Moors constitutes about 7.2%, Sri Lankan Tamils constitutes about 3.9% and the Indian Tamils constitutes about 4.6%. When religions are taken into consideration the Buddhists comprise a major share of 69.1%. Sri Lanka is prominently a rustic area that holds 79% of the population. The populace medial age is 30 and 7.8% constitute for an age group of 65 and over. The health index of Sri Lanka is fairly good when compared to other countries in Asia. The government has an expenditure of 46.3% from the 4% of the aggregate GDP for medical expenses of the country. The expected life span is 73.4yrs of the aggregate populace. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The telecom sphere was improved to an incredible extent in terms of liberalizing right in the 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s. Act of Sri Lankan Telecommunication of 1991 founded the Sri Lanka telecom also known as the SLT, it awarded the permit to function in the global system. -http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/srilanka.html After analyzing the market we have found out that there is huge market opportunity in Sri Lanka to sell folding bikes. Due to low price there are more chances that Brompton folding bikes can become the market leader successfully after some time because of many reasons such as low cost, already operation exist in Sri Lanka and due to climate condition. If we talk about local competition, it is very less. The local players get the help by the government also where the government has distributed a project to provide good cycle facility supply to those households. Im a manager of this product and i want to make profit thats why Im going to launch this product in south asia. I will launch this product in sri lanka and will export in 3 other countries, they are Bangladesh, india and Nepal. It will be better to launch this product in south asia because there labour cost will be low and we can sell this cycles in low cost. Brompton bicycles cost in uk is  £600 and over. Here, labour cost is expensive than south asia so we cant export from here. In south asia there is a scope for this product. There is a great number of people who are using bicycle but they arent like Brompton they cant fold, they are difficult for their journey. so it will be a new kind of cycle in south asia. I can make a profit. It will be cheaper so most of the people will buy it. I can make a market over there. Here are different types to entering new market they are: Export Joint venture FDI Strategic alliances Among these methods im going to use joint venture method because it will be better for my profit if i will export from here it will cost expensive. First i will go sri lanka and will talk in srilankan embassy, i will choose one cycle company as my partner over there and i will do good business over there and will make profit. 4PS ABOUT THE PRODUCT: Product: my product is folding bicycle. Price: labour cost will be low so per cycle it will cost  £90. Place: i will open my company in Colombo kingdom of sri lanka because there i can gget more facility than other place. Promotion: The literacy rate is 92% in Sri Lanka which is considered as a good rate. To sell the Brompton folding bikes every company more emphasizes on direct marketing such as event or trade show and personal selling. We will give this news first all over in sri lanka later 3 other countries by tv news and international news paper. MARKETING PLAN: Our product have made plan for Brompton folding bicycle for next five yrs. To increase our sale and profit we will spend half of our advertisement budget on personal selling because by this only we can aware consumers about our products and persuade consumers to buy the products. PRODUCTION CAPACITY: During the first year, product will be imported to Sri Lanka And later the demand of the product goes 3 other countries to have a manufacturing Unit can also be considered. This will result in better pricing of the product will result in more sales and Profits. BUDGET: Selling expenses: Staff salaries, Sales support and distribution staff expenses are included. The total expenditure is  £ 1210000.00 Sales and advertisement: For radio advertisement = £5000 Newspaper/magazine = £6000 Tv ad = £25000 Sales promotion = £250000 including customer awareness program Customer oriented = £200000 Trade oriented = £750000 Support line = £600000

Free Handmaids Tale Essays: The Handmaids Dystopia :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Handmaid's Dystopia "The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood is a dystopia about a world where unrealistic things take place. The events in the novel could never actually take place in our reality." This is what most people think and assume, but they're wrong. Look at the world today and in the recent past, and there are not only many situations that have ALMOST become a Gilead, but places that have been and ARE Gileadean societies. We're not in Kansas any more, Dorothy! Even today there are places in the world where there is startling similarity to this fictitious dystopia. In Pakistan, women's rights are non-existant, and many policies are that of Gilead in The Handmaid's Tale. In Gilead, the handmaids must cover their bodies and faces almost completely with vales and wings. In Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Bahrain, and similar South Asian countries, this is a must for women. Other Gileadean-like persecutions take place towards women. In Pakistan, women can be raped, and unless there is full proof that there was no consent, the man will get off scot free, and the women charged with pre-marital sex and sentenced to a prison term. In Afghanistan, the police force has and continue to torture and rape innocent women for unnecessary reasons. This is similar to The Handmaid's Tale in that Offred, and other handmaids, not only go through the devestation of "The Ceremony", but also can be used and possibly even raped by their Commanders, and there is nothing the handmaid can do about it. If she speaks, she is usually not believed, and then she is sent away because she broke the law. The handmaid would usually die for making such accuasations. Women are given little to no rights in Gilead. They obey what they are told by the men or by the Aunts (who get their orders from the men). They are not permitted to read or write, or participate in any extra-curricular activity. They are alive only to serve a purpose. In countries such Iran, women are subject to similar laws. Although more recently they may be allowedread and write, it is on a strict level only, and activites are out of the question. There is no specific law against it, however with the Islamic government making it manditory for all women to wear complete body coverings, sports and other activities are nearly impossible.

The Importance of Psychology Today

The study of mental functions and human behavior in which scientists develop hypotheses and test these theories are referred to today as psychology. In effort to explain the human behaviors, psychologist research and use the studies of other psychologist in effort to find the answers to question like why a person acts or behaves the way they do? The most common approaches in psychology are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, social/cultural, and physiological. The complexity of humans has fascinated scientist for years.Psychologists have been investigating human’s cognitive, humanistic, social/cultural and behavioral responses since the beginning of this century. It has been only recently that the physiological approach has begun to understand how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. In the 1800’s psychology used two major approaches known as structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism approach analyses the basic elements of experiences i n which people acknowledged. In effort to research mental awareness of people, psychologies recorded the verbal explanations of their experiences.Functionalism focused on how the brain processes information when people are being observed in the ideal learning conditions. Frances Galton believed that intellectual abilities were inherited and fixed at birth because when he observed that people in the same family often were similar in terms of intelligence. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a psychologist named Stanley Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the founder of the first scientific psychological journal.The American Psychological Association provided a way from many psychologists to share their researches. Hall was one of the first psychologists to explain the biological view of human behavior with an emphasis on stages of development unfolding in a predetermined way. Hall observed children and described the ages that cer tain behaviors could be expected. He believed that children had an inner timetable to display behaviors like crawling, waking, and talking which occurred at similar ages regardless of the learning or experience of the children (Schickedanz &Forsyth).In addition, several child psychologists gathered dada to establish age-related standards or patterns of behavior that applied to large groups of children. This was considered the norms for child behavior and became known as the developmental theory that is still in use today. The psychoanalytic theory originated with Sigmund Freud. While the earlier part of the twentieth century documented intellectual and physical development, Freud studied personality and emotional development. He recognized the importance of biology but also stressed the interaction of biology with the environment.Freud was interested in neurology and the psychological causes of the subject’s behavior responses. This component of personality, Freud labeled ins tinct and referred to the mental representation of the body’s needs and functions. Today, psychologists still use Freud’s theory and parts of the personality of people in their studies of human behavior. Some Psychologist use Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. The id is the unconscious source of instinct and operated according to the pleasure principle and gratification. The ego tries to direct the id but is the reality-oriented part of the personality.The ego tries to deter the id so that there is not a negative consequence to the instinctive action. Next, there is the superego in which is part of the moral component of the personality. According to Freud, the superego is responsible for guilt and anxiety and understand the significant of punishment when display inappropriate behavior. Finally, there is the ego defense mechanism in which guards the ego against overwhelming negative consequences form others. Later, Erik Erikson developed another theory because he did not agree with Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego. Erikson focused more on how society affects the ego.He believed that healthy adaptation to reality differs greatly from one society to another. He saw that society’s demands on a person would change the person as he or she grows. Therefore, an individual is influence by his or her environment. These external environmental changes were also responsible for shaping behavior so that the behavior reflected the views of society. Another well known psychologist was B. F. Skinner and he was a behaviorist. His behaviorism theory was often referred to as radical behaviorism. He showed that reinforcing the desired behaviors produces the desire response.He proved this theory when he demonstrated how a pigeon would peck a red dot when it knew it opened a door to reveal bird food ( Branches of Psychology). Today, positive reinforcement is frequently used to change the undesirable behaviors of children. As a result, children produce the desired behavior society expects at home, in school, and in any other environment (Dong & Juhu) The social/cultural approach covers the behavioral patterns of society as a whole. These behavioral patterns cover lifestyles, habits, arts, rituals, beliefs, activities, and ethics.It is common belief by Carl Gustav Jung that humans share common emotions and awareness regardless of the identified culture. Humans are social creatures and the cultural customs shape people’s behavior from childhood. Today, in United States there are many cultures, a variety of religious beliefs, social gathering, political beliefs, and economic influences that structure society (Overskeid). Today, the shift in roles in which people play like stay home dads, male nurses, and female police officers are becoming the norms in certain areas of society.The biological approach of psychology is the study of the brain and the nervous system. The nervous system is the central syst em within the body that carries messages to the brain. The crucial section is the neurons which are the structures of the nerve cell and it is responsible for transmissions that occur between the nerve cells and the brain. There are many other parts of the nervous system but the brain is the most important. There are three anatomy of the brain but the cerebral cortex section of the brain is responsible for the basic behavior functions.The biological psychology studies all of the parts of the body and how each of these parts affects human behaviors. Biological psychology takes into account genetics and the large roll it plays in human behavior. Genetics does not just refer to inherited traits but also to what is inside the body, such as glandular and hormone functions. Biology plays and important part of psychology because it allows scientist to learn about the brain functions and how to help people who suffer from head traumas.It also allows scientist a way to understand how brain t raumas correlates between physical responses, as well as their emotional responses to situations when a person could not recall actual memories that delivered such responses. In conclusion, the more common approaches in psychology today are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and social/cultural. The behavioral approach emphasizes that behavior is shaped by the environment while psychoanalytic approach is the study of how the brain affects behavior and how behavior affects the brain. The cognitive pproach is the research of how awareness, thoughts, and strategies to problem solve affect individual’s lives. The cognitive approach studies whether or not a person’s behavior is a result of consciousness guiding a person’s personal feelings. Social/cultural approach relates to a situation that influences actions that are considered to be the norms of society and which roles people play. The biological approach is important because it provides a way for psychologis t to understand a person who suffers from a head trauma emotional and physically.

AP Statistics Scores - Learn What You Need for College

AP Statistics Scores - Learn What You Need for College Statistics is a popular Advanced Placement course with over 200,000 students taking the exam annually. Students who have other options and interests, however, should be aware that AP Statistics is accepted for course credit and placement by fewer colleges than many other AP subjects.   About the AP Statistics Course and Exam The Advanced Placement Statistics course is a non-calculus-based course that is the equivalent of many one-semester, introductory college statistics classes. The exam covers  exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. Each of these topics encompasses several subtopics: Exploring Data. Students learn to analyze different types of graphs and data displays. Key topics include spread, outliers, median, mean, standard deviation, quartiles, percentages, and more. Students also learn to compare different data sets to find patterns and draw conclusions. This section encompasses 20 to 30 percent of the exam questions.Sampling and Experimentation. Students learn about proper and effective methods of data collection and data analysis. Students learn about the characteristics of well-conducted surveys, and they learn about the issues attached to different types of populations and selection methods. Important topics include random sampling, control groups, placebo effect, and replication. This section accounts for 10 to 15 percent of the exam.Anticipating Patterns. This section focuses on probabilities and simulation, and students learn what data should look like for a given model. Topics covered include the addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional proba bility, normal distribution, random variables, t-distribution, and chi-square distribution. 20 to 30 percent of the AP exam covers these topics. Statistical Inference. In this section, students learn how to select appropriate models for a given task. Students study how to estimate population parameters and test hypotheses. Important topics include margins of error, confidence levels, p-values, types of errors, and more. This is the largest area of course content and accounts for 30 to 40 percent of the exam. AP Statistics Score Information In 2018,  222,501 students took the exam. The mean score was a 2.88, and roughly 60.7 percent  of students (135,008 of them) scored a 3 or higher. According to AP score guidelines, a 3 is necessary to demonstrate a level of competency adequate for earning college credit. The distribution of scores for the AP Statistics exam is as follows: AP Statistics Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 32,417 14.6 4 47,108 21.2 3 55,483 24.9 2 35,407 15.9 1 52,086 23.4 If your exam score is on the lower end of the scale, keep in mind that colleges often do not require you to report AP exam scores. They are typically self-reported and can be omitted if you choose. AP Statistics Course Placement Information: As the table below reveals, AP Statistics is not accepted by many colleges. There are a few reasons for this: the course is non-calculus-based, but many college statistics courses require calculus; many colleges teach statistics in field-specific ways in courses such as Business Statistics and Psychological Statistics and Methods; finally, statistics is a topic that relies heavily upon computers and spreadsheet programs, but the AP exam is not set up to allow students to use computers.   The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general overview of the scoring and placement practices related to the AP Statistics exam. For a specific college or university, youll need to search the schools website or contact the appropriate Registrars office to get AP placement information. Even for the schools I list below, check with the institution to get the most recent placement guidelines.   AP Statistics Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech - no credit or placement Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; MAT/SST 115 MIT - no credit or placement Notre Dame 5 Mathematics 10140 (3 credits) Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit Stanford University - no credit or placement for AP Statistics Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 STAT 190 Basic Statistics (3 credits) UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 4 credits; quantitative reasoning requirement fulfilled Yale University - no credits or placement A Final Word About AP Statistics You can learn more about the AP Statistics course and exam on the  official College Board website. Keep in mind that AP Statistics has value even if you dont receive college credit for the course. At some point in your college career, you are likely going to need to conduct a survey, work with spreadsheets, and/or process data. Have some knowledge of statistics will be invaluable at these times. Also, when you apply to colleges, the most important part of your application will be your academic record. Colleges want to see that you have done well in challenging courses. Success in Advanced Placement courses such as AP Statistics is one significant way you can demonstrate your college readiness.

Free Essays on Computers And Consciousness

Computers and Consciousness Can a computer have a mind? This question has been debated upon for decades by philosophers, mathematicians, physicists’ etc. Alan Turing, a mathematician, said that if we cannot distinguish between the answers a computer gives to questions and the answers a human being gives, then the compute has a mind. But I stand at a different view. In the course of my paper I will discuss the various reasons I believe that computers are not conscious in the same way a human mind is conscious. To come to such a conclusion, as to whether or not computers are conscious the same way as a human mind, what we need to understand first is what exactly does it mean to be â€Å"conscious†. To be conscious means that one is aware of their existence, possesses feelings and has thoughts of their own. Computers were invented by human beings, humans who are not perfect and not all knowing. Computers are programmed by humans, and thus they don’t have the awareness of their own existence, they don’t have feelings and they are programmed to think the way their programmer has designed them to think. Computers lack the free will to think and make decisions by themselves, they do what they are programmed to do. Processing speed is irrelevant to what’s most important in human cognition. Computers have fabulous calculation power, bottomless memory, endless patience and stamina, but they lack consciousness and emotion. While technology offers â€Å"help† and solutions too it is no substitute for the human mind. In the 18th century, philosopher David Hume said, â€Å"All morality in the end is rooted in emotional response.† Our sensibilities, ethical and aesthetics make us human and distinguish us from computers. Computers do not have and therefore cannot adopt points of views. They do not have feelings. No amount of processing speed or memory storage capacity can surmount that obstacle. A computer’s response to a question w... Free Essays on Computers And Consciousness Free Essays on Computers And Consciousness Computers and Consciousness Can a computer have a mind? This question has been debated upon for decades by philosophers, mathematicians, physicists’ etc. Alan Turing, a mathematician, said that if we cannot distinguish between the answers a computer gives to questions and the answers a human being gives, then the compute has a mind. But I stand at a different view. In the course of my paper I will discuss the various reasons I believe that computers are not conscious in the same way a human mind is conscious. To come to such a conclusion, as to whether or not computers are conscious the same way as a human mind, what we need to understand first is what exactly does it mean to be â€Å"conscious†. To be conscious means that one is aware of their existence, possesses feelings and has thoughts of their own. Computers were invented by human beings, humans who are not perfect and not all knowing. Computers are programmed by humans, and thus they don’t have the awareness of their own existence, they don’t have feelings and they are programmed to think the way their programmer has designed them to think. Computers lack the free will to think and make decisions by themselves, they do what they are programmed to do. Processing speed is irrelevant to what’s most important in human cognition. Computers have fabulous calculation power, bottomless memory, endless patience and stamina, but they lack consciousness and emotion. While technology offers â€Å"help† and solutions too it is no substitute for the human mind. In the 18th century, philosopher David Hume said, â€Å"All morality in the end is rooted in emotional response.† Our sensibilities, ethical and aesthetics make us human and distinguish us from computers. Computers do not have and therefore cannot adopt points of views. They do not have feelings. No amount of processing speed or memory storage capacity can surmount that obstacle. A computer’s response to a question w...

Essay Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Essay - Movie Review Example But still, it has to be remembered. And to stress the sensitivity of the narrative and its sensitivity for being remorseful of what it has done, the memorial should not be placed together with other commemorative monuments. The atrocity should be remembered in its proper perspective where it should impress a narrative that people should not forget. The proposal of having a subterranean museum was just a reaction of the Germans not to create something bombastic and authoritarian with a big rock telling them what to think. But even if a monument will be a bombastic rock telling them what to think, it should still be erected to ever remember their crimes and never to forget its lesson. I agree with Norman Finkelstein that U.S. taxpayer’s money should not be used to fund to commemorate the victims of the holocaust. This is not to show insensitivity and disrespect for what happened to the Jews but it is the Jews and Germans who should dispense their resources for its commemoration because they are the protagonists of the

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market Essay - 2

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market structures - Essay Example Additionally, the firms already in perfect competition have no way of exploiting customers, because other firms can entre and compete with them. Furthermore, firms in this market structure have good price information because buyers or consumers have to know the prices so that they can compare with other firms before they buy a product. On the other hand, suppliers have to know the prices so that they can merge them with others (OConnor 2004). Based on the above analysis of firms in perfect competition, the following assumptions can be deduced from the firms. The firms offer homogenous products meaning that products are differentiated in terms of packaging or branding so as to beat competition and stay in business. Buyers and sellers in this market are many, and this means that exit of seller in the market has no effect on the prices. This further indicates that both buyers and sellers have no influence on price hence price is determined by market (Chakra arty 2009). Firms under perfect competition have no influence on the price therefore they are the price takers. Because of existence of many firms in the market each firm charges the price determined by the demand and market supply. In the short-run, firms under perfect competition make supernormal profits or loss. Because of no barriers to entry or exit from market structures under perfect competition, other firms join into the market and if they make losses, firms making losses exit the market. In the long run, due to the many firms that have joined the market influenced by super-normal profits made by other firms, the supply in the market will be more hence supply curve shifts to the right to the point where super-normal profits are no more (Khanna, 2008). Additionally, in the long run supply has more influence on the price than the demand. The first graph represents market of many suppliers and many